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Related Concept Videos

Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

85
Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

103
Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

131
Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
131
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

127
Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

287
Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors01:20

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors

158
Modified-release drug delivery systems are designed to optimize the therapeutic effect of drugs by minimizing side effects, reducing the dosage required, and controlling drug release to align with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic needs. The system depends on two key factors: the drug's release from the formulation and its movement through the body to the target site. Unlike conventional dosage forms, where absorption is the limiting step, the rate of drug release is the key determinant in...
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Production of Near-Infrared Sensitive, Core-Shell Vaccine Delivery Platform
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Production of Near-Infrared Sensitive, Core-Shell Vaccine Delivery Platform

Published on: October 20, 2020

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Modular vaccine packaging increases packing efficiency.

Bryan A Norman1, Jayant Rajgopal1, Jung Lim1

  • 1Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Vaccine
|May 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modular vaccine packaging significantly improves space efficiency and the number of fully-immunized children (FICs) achievable in vaccine carriers. This innovative approach optimizes vaccine distribution, potentially increasing global vaccine coverage.

Keywords:
Modular packagingPackagingPrimary containerSupply chainVaccine vialVaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Supply Chain Management
  • Vaccinology
  • Logistics Optimization

Background:

  • Vaccine distribution relies on standardized packaging (vials, inner packs, cold boxes).
  • Variability in vaccine packaging sizes limits efficient cold box and carrier packing.
  • Current methods often result in suboptimal vaccine quantities for country-specific needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of different vaccine packing schemes.
  • To compare conventional packing with a proposed modular packing system.
  • To assess packing efficiency and potential for fully-immunized children (FICs).

Main Methods:

  • A spreadsheet model was developed in Microsoft Excel.
  • The model evaluated packing schemes for routine vaccines plus Rotarix in Benin.
  • Conventional and modular packing schemes were compared.

Main Results:

  • Modular packaging achieved 155 fully-immunized children (FICs) with 94.1% efficiency.
  • Conventional packing yielded 123 FICs with 81.93% efficiency in a Dometic RCW25.
  • Modular systems demonstrated superior space utilization.

Conclusions:

  • Modular vaccine packaging offers significant advantages in space efficiency and FICs.
  • This system allows more vaccines within the same volume, simplifying field packing.
  • Modular packaging can be a simple strategy to increase global vaccine coverage.