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Related Experiment Video

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Effective Swimmer's Action during the Grab Start Technique.

Luis Mourão1, Karla de Jesus2, Hélio Roesler3

  • 1Superior School of Industrial Studies and Management, Porto Polytechnic Institute, Vila do Conde, Portugal; Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.

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This study developed a tool to assess swimming start forces, differentiating active and passive forces. Active forces significantly explain performance variability, offering insights for refining swimming start techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Swimming starts are crucial for performance, yet force analysis has been limited.
  • Distinguishing between active propulsive and passive structural forces in starts is complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel tool for assessing vertical and horizontal forces during swimming starts.
  • To differentiate and quantify swimmers' active and passive forces during the block phase.

Main Methods:

  • A mathematical model was developed, integrating rigid body dynamics and swimmer inertia.
  • Six elite swimmers performed maximal grab start trials, with 3D kinetic data captured via a force plate.
  • Passive forces were modeled and subtracted from experimental data to isolate active forces.

Main Results:

  • The developed tool successfully computed passive force components.
  • Active forces (vertical and horizontal) were found to be the primary contributors to experimental force variability.
  • The profiles of vertical and horizontal active forces exhibited similarity.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a method to clarify active force variability in swimming starts.
  • The findings suggest active force profiles can serve as indicators for optimizing steering strategies.
  • This research advances the understanding of biomechanics in elite swimming starts.