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Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: An Introduction for Emergency Medicine Physicians

Lynn P Gehrmann1, John W Hafner2, Daniel L Montgomery3

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Ministry Medical Group Saint Mary's Hospital, Rhinelander, Wisconsin.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|May 19, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides critical support for pediatric patients with cardiac and respiratory failure. Emergency physicians can now utilize ECMO in emergency departments for various critical conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Cardiopulmonary Support

Background:

  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving therapy for critically ill pediatric patients with cardiac and respiratory failure.
  • Traditionally managed in the intensive care unit, ECMO is increasingly being adopted in the emergency department setting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the fundamental principles of ECMO.
  • To educate emergency medicine physicians on the application of ECMO in critically ill pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ECMO principles and applications.
  • Focus on emergency department transition and utilization.

Main Results:

  • ECMO offers vital support for oxygenation and perfusion.
  • Therapy can be implemented via venoarterial (VA) or venovenous (VV) configurations.

Conclusions:

  • ECMO is a versatile tool for managing pediatric respiratory failure, sepsis, cardiac arrest, and environmental hypothermia.
  • Familiarity with ECMO fundamentals is crucial for emergency physicians as its use expands beyond the ICU.
Abstract

Keywords:
E-CPRECMOextracorporeal membrane oxygenationpediatricrespiratory failure

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