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Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
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Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

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Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
2.4K
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
1.4K
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

2.1K
In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
2.1K
Ionization Energy03:12

Ionization Energy

43.5K
The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called its first ionization energy (IE1). The first ionization energy for an element, X, is the energy required to form a cation with 1+ charge:
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Sample Preparation for Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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Plasma-based ambient ionization mass spectrometry in bioanalytical sciences.

Marek Smoluch1, Przemyslaw Mielczarek1,2, Jerzy Silberring1,3

  • 1Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.

Mass Spectrometry Reviews
|May 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Plasma-based ambient ionization mass spectrometry offers fast, versatile analysis with minimal sample prep. Ongoing research aims to overcome its primary limitation in quantitative accuracy for diverse applications.

Keywords:
ADIambient mass spectrometryplasma-based ambient ionizationreview

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Plasma Physics

Background:

  • Plasma-based ambient ionization mass spectrometry (P-AIMS) is increasingly popular for its speed and minimal sample preparation.
  • It analyzes samples in gas, liquid, or solid states under ambient conditions.
  • Applications span warfare agent detection, chemical monitoring, imaging, and biomedical analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the capabilities and applications of P-AIMS.
  • To highlight the advantages of P-AIMS, including speed and versatility.
  • To address the main challenge of quantitative analysis in P-AIMS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of plasma-based ambient ionization sources.
  • Discussion of sample introduction techniques (gas, liquid, solid).
  • Exploration of diverse application areas.

Main Results:

  • P-AIMS enables rapid analysis with minimal sample preparation across various sample types.
  • Broad applicability demonstrated in fields from security to biomedical diagnostics.
  • Quantitative analysis remains a key area for improvement.

Conclusions:

  • P-AIMS is a powerful technique with significant advantages for rapid, versatile analysis.
  • Further development is needed to enhance quantitative capabilities.
  • The technique shows great promise for expanding applications in science and industry.