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Related Concept Videos

Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
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Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

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This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Acute Pharyngitis01:30

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Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults
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[Giant tonsillolith in a child].

Guochen Zhu

    Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi = Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
    |May 21, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    A 7-year-old child with Down syndrome experienced sleep-disordered breathing due to a large tonsil calculus. Surgical removal of the tonsil stone and adenoids resolved the condition, presenting a rare pediatric case.

    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Pediatric Surgery
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Down syndrome is associated with an increased risk of sleep-disordered breathing.
    • Tonsil calculi are rare in pediatric populations, especially in children with Down syndrome.
    • Obstructive sleep apnea symptoms like loud snoring and apnea are significant concerns in children.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report a rare case of a large tonsil calculus causing sleep-disordered breathing in a pediatric patient with Down syndrome.
    • To highlight the diagnostic and management approach for this unusual presentation.
    • To contribute to the literature on pediatric tonsil calculi and their association with Down syndrome.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical presentation of a 7-year-old child with Down syndrome and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing.

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  • Diagnostic imaging using CT scan to identify a large left tonsil calculus (20 mm x 12 mm x 12 mm).
  • Surgical intervention involving tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

    • Main Results:

    • A large tonsil calculus was successfully identified and surgically removed.
    • The patient's symptoms of loud snoring and cessation of breath during sleep resolved post-operatively.
    • This case represents one of the youngest reported instances of a pediatric tonsil calculus requiring surgical intervention.

    Conclusions:

    • Large tonsil calculi can cause significant sleep-disordered breathing in children, even those with Down syndrome.
    • Early diagnosis and surgical management (tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy) are effective treatments.
    • This case underscores the importance of considering rare causes of airway obstruction in pediatric patients with genetic syndromes.