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Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Vacuum Induction Melting by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Published on: June 10, 2019
[Analysis of lead in unknown samples based on the standard addition method using laser induced breakdown
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) effectively analyzed lead (Pb) in battery factory samples. This method simplifies sample preparation and avoids matrix effects, offering reliable Pb concentration measurements.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Spectroscopy
- Materials Science
Context:
- Lead battery factories generate complex matrices requiring precise elemental analysis.
- Traditional methods for lead (Pb) determination can be time-consuming and involve extensive sample preparation.
- Matrix effects can significantly influence the accuracy of spectroscopic analysis.
Purpose:
- To develop and validate a rapid and reliable method for determining lead (Pb) concentration in an unknown industrial sample using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS).
- To evaluate the effectiveness of the standard addition method combined with internal standardization to mitigate matrix effects in LIBS analysis.
- To assess the repeatability and reliability of the optimized LIBS method by comparing results with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Summary:
- The study employed Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) with a Nd:YAG laser and an echelle spectrometer to analyze lead (Pb) in a sample from a lead battery factory.
- The standard addition method, utilizing Fe I as an internal standard, effectively compensated for matrix influences, simplifying sample pretreatment.
- Optimal conditions (128.5 mJ laser energy, 2.5 µs delay, 3 µs gate width) were established, showing a good linear relationship for Pb determination (405.78 nm line) without self-absorption up to 25,000 mg·kg⁻¹.
- Validation against ICP-MS demonstrated good repeatability and reliability, with an average relative error of -2.44% for the determined Pb concentration.
Impact:
- Provides a fast, simple, and accurate analytical method for lead (Pb) determination in complex industrial samples.
- Demonstrates the utility of LIBS with standard addition and internal standardization for robust elemental analysis in quality control.
- Offers a valuable alternative to conventional methods, potentially reducing analysis time and cost in the battery manufacturing industry.
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