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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Lung Tumor Cell Recruitment Assay
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Inflammation fuels tumor progress and metastasis.

Jingyi Liu, Pengnian Charles Lin, Binhua P Zhou1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 741 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536. peter.zhou@uky.edu.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|May 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Chronic inflammation promotes tumor growth, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. This review explores inflammation

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Inflammation is a critical immune response for pathogen removal and tissue repair.
  • Chronic inflammation is increasingly implicated in cancer development, progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of inflammation in epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
  • To explore the links between ER-stress, metabolism, and inflammation in disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on inflammation and cancer.
  • Analysis of studies investigating epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
  • Examination of the interplay between ER-stress, metabolism, and inflammatory processes.

Main Results:

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  • Chronic inflammation significantly contributes to tumor progression and metastasis.
  • Inflammation drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a key process in cancer spread.
  • ER-stress and metabolic alterations are closely linked to inflammatory responses in disease development.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the multifaceted role of inflammation in cancer is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting inflammatory pathways, ER-stress, and metabolic dysregulation holds promise for cancer treatment.