Diabetes and diet in Ramadan.

Area of Science:

• Nutrition Science
• Endocrinology
• Public Health

Background:

• Ramadan fasting involves significant dietary pattern changes for Muslims worldwide.
• For individuals with diabetes, meal frequency reduces from 5-6 to 2-3 meals daily.
• Maintaining stable blood glucose levels is crucial during Ramadan for diabetic patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide dietary recommendations for individuals with diabetes during Ramadan.
• To ensure good glycaemic control while adhering to fasting practices.
• To adapt general healthy eating principles to the Ramadan context.

Main Methods:

• Review of established dietary guidelines for diabetes management.
• Adaptation of these guidelines to the specific meal timings and patterns of Ramadan.
• Emphasis on nutrient-dense foods and avoidance of unhealthy choices.

Main Results:

• Pre-dawn (suhur) meals should be rich in fiber and complex carbohydrates, consumed as late as possible.
• Iftar meals should prioritize whole grains, vegetables, lean protein, and salads, with traditional sugary drinks and fatty foods avoided.
• A bedtime snack of milk or fruit can help maintain normoglycaemia until suhur.

Conclusions:

• Adherence to appropriate dietary strategies enables good glycaemic control for diabetics during Ramadan.
• General healthy eating principles remain applicable, with specific adaptations for Ramadan meal schedules.
• Simple dietary modifications can support the health and well-being of fasting individuals with diabetes.