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Leuco-crystal-violet micelle gel dosimeters: II. Recipe optimization and testing.

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  • 1Department Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|May 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Optimized Leuco Crystal Violet (LCV) micelle gels offer enhanced dose sensitivity and long-term stability for 3D dosimetry. However, Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) in the formulation causes undesirable dose-rate dependence.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiological Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Leuco Crystal Violet (LCV) micelle gels are used for 3D radiation dosimetry.
  • Optimization of LCV gel recipes is crucial for improving performance and stability.
  • Existing formulations may exhibit limitations such as dose-rate dependence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize the recipe for Leuco Crystal Violet (LCV) micelle gels using Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) and 2,2,2-trichloroethanol (TCE).
  • To evaluate the dose sensitivity, spatial integrity, and dose-rate dependence of the optimized LCV gel formulation.
  • To identify the component responsible for dose-rate dependence in the optimized gel.

Main Methods:

  • A two-level three-factor designed experiment was employed for recipe optimization.
  • The optimized gel composition was determined, including concentrations of LCV, CTAB, TCE, tri-chloro acetic acid (TCAA), gelatin, and water.
  • Dose sensitivity, long-term spatial integrity in phantoms, and dose-rate dependence were assessed using electron beam irradiations.

Main Results:

  • The optimized LCV micelle gel recipe demonstrated 1.5 times higher dose sensitivity compared to a standard formulation.
  • Spatial integrity of 3D dose distribution information was maintained for over 120 days in 1L phantoms.
  • Phantoms exhibited a 14% difference in optical attenuation at peak dose due to dose-rate dependence, attributed to the CTAB surfactant.

Conclusions:

  • The optimized LCV micelle gel formulation offers significant improvements in dose sensitivity and long-term stability for 3D dosimetry applications.
  • The presence of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) in the gel formulation is identified as the cause of dose-rate dependence.
  • Further research is needed to mitigate the dose-rate dependence issue for broader clinical applicability.