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Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions
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Graphene Oxides Show Angiogenic Properties.

Sudip Mukherjee1,2, Pavithra Sriram3, Ayan Kumar Barui1,2

  • 1Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|June 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) promote new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis). This discovery offers potential new therapies for cardiovascular diseases by leveraging these nanomaterials for therapeutic angiogenesis.

Keywords:
angiogenesisgraphene oxidereactive oxygen speciesredox signalingwound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Angiogenesis is crucial for treating diseases like cancer and cardiovascular conditions.
  • Developing novel angiogenic therapeutic strategies is a significant medical need.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the angiogenic properties of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO).
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of GO and rGO-induced angiogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro and in vivo angiogenesis assays were employed.
  • Characterization of synthesized graphene-based materials.
  • Analysis of intracellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
  • Assessment of phospho-eNOS and phospho-Akt activation.

Main Results:

  • Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) demonstrated significant angiogenic properties.
  • Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) formation were observed.
  • Activation of signaling pathways, including phospho-eNOS and phospho-Akt, was noted.

Conclusions:

  • GO and rGO show potential as novel agents for inducing angiogenesis.
  • The mechanisms involve ROS/RNS generation and activation of key signaling pathways.
  • These findings suggest a promising alternative angiogenic therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases.