Educational differentiation of the pharmacy work force.

Area of Science:

• Pharmacy workforce analysis
• Professional education trends
• Healthcare workforce differentiation

Background:

• The educational landscape of the pharmacy workforce has evolved, necessitating a structured model for analysis.
• Understanding the distribution of pharmacists based on educational attainment is key to assessing workforce capabilities.
• Previous analyses lacked a clear differentiation model based on professional education levels.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and apply a model differentiating the pharmacy workforce by educational attainment.
• To analyze trends in pharmacy workforce education between 1978 and 1987.
• To compare pharmacy workforce differentiation with physician and nursing workforces.

Main Methods:

• A three-tiered educational model was used: B.S. degree, Pharm.D. degree, and post-graduate training (residency/fellowship).
• Data from national health statistics, pharmacy associations, and educational institutions were compiled for 1978 and 1987.
• Quantitative analysis was performed to determine the number of pharmacists at each educational tier.

Main Results:

• In both 1978 and 1987, over 90% of pharmacists held no formal training beyond a B.S. degree.
• The proportion of pharmacists with a Pharm.D. degree increased from approximately 3.3% to 6.3%.
• Significant state and regional variations in pharmacist numbers and educational levels were observed.

Conclusions:

• The pharmacy workforce is characterized by a low level of educational differentiation compared to physicians and nurses.
• Increased emphasis on Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) education is recommended to enhance professional standing.
• Promoting Pharm.D. education is projected to boost demand for postgraduate training and elevate the profession's image.