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Salmeterol Xinafoate.

Manal M Anwar1, Radwan S El-Haggar2, Wafaa A Zaghary3

  • 1Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients, and Related Methodology
|June 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary
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Salmeterol xinafoate, a long-acting beta-2 agonist, effectively treats asthma and COPD. Its synthesis involves microbial and chemical methods, with physical properties confirmed by spectroscopy.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Salmeterol xinafoate is a long-acting beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist.
  • It is a key therapeutic agent for severe persistent asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline various synthetic routes for (R)-(-)-salmeterol and (S)-salmeterol.
  • To detail the characterization methods for salmeterol xinafoate.
  • To review the clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of salmeterol xinafoate.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of (R)-(-)-salmeterol via microbial culture (Rhodotorula rubra) or Rh-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation.
  • Enantioselective synthesis of (S)-salmeterol using Pichia angusta yeast.
  • Characterization using X-ray powder diffraction, thermal analysis, UV, vibrational, NMR, and mass spectrometry.
Keywords:
AsthmaBlood–brain barrierBronchodilatorHepatic metabolismInhaled sympathomimeticsSalmeterol xinafoate

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Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of both enantiomers of salmeterol.
  • Comprehensive physical and chemical characterization of salmeterol xinafoate.
  • Demonstrated rapid onset (within 30 min) and sustained efficacy (up to 12 h) for asthma control when combined with fluticasone propionate.

Conclusions:

  • Salmeterol xinafoate is effectively synthesized through diverse methods.
  • Its physical properties are well-defined by various analytical techniques.
  • Clinical use shows rapid and prolonged asthma symptom relief, with awareness of hepatic metabolism impacting plasma concentrations.