Structural Endoscopic Techniques to Treat Obesity: A Review

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Bariatric Medicine
• Endoscopic Surgery

Background:

• Global obesity rates have risen significantly, impacting approximately 30% of the world's population.
• Bariatric surgery is effective for long-term obesity management but carries significant complication risks.
• Endoscopic bariatric procedures are emerging as potentially safer alternatives to traditional surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic bariatric procedures.
• To assess procedures that induce structural changes in the gastrointestinal tract for weight loss.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was performed using online databases.
• References from selected articles were also reviewed.
• Studies reporting excess weight loss and adverse events were included.

Main Results:

• Included studies demonstrated short- to medium-term excess weight loss ranging from 24% to 58%.
• A total of seven serious adverse events were reported across the studies.
• Endoscopic procedures showed promising weight loss and effects on obesity-related comorbidities.

Conclusions:

• Endoscopic bariatric procedures inducing structural changes exhibit low complication rates.
• These techniques show promise for short-term weight loss in obese patients.
• Long-term data from large populations are required before standardizing these treatments.