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Fundamentals and Advances in Tonometry.
1From the *Hamilton Glaucoma Center and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; †Glaucoma Sector, Department of Ophthalmology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; and ‡Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO.
Accurate intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is crucial for glaucoma management. New 24-hour IOP monitoring methods offer hope for improved clinical practice and preventing irreversible blindness.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Medical Technology
Background:
- Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally.
- Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the primary treatment for glaucoma.
- Accurate IOP measurement is essential for glaucoma diagnosis and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical evolution of tonometry.
- To discuss current intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement instruments.
- To explore advancements in 24-hour IOP monitoring.
Main Methods:
- Historical overview of tonometry techniques.
- Discussion of contemporary tonometry devices.
- Review of emerging 24-hour IOP monitoring technologies.
Main Results:
- Current tonometry methods are largely static and office-based.
- Individual circadian rhythms significantly impact IOP.
- 24-hour IOP monitoring represents a significant advancement.
Conclusions:
- Despite advancements, limitations in current tonometry persist.
- Continuous IOP monitoring may revolutionize glaucoma care.
- Future clinical management may incorporate routine 24-hour IOP assessments.

