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An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery
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[Ongoing Development and Directions in Flexible Robotic Endoscopy].

Keiichiro Kume1

  • 1The Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.

Journal of UOEH
|June 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Flexible robotic endoscopy systems enhance surgical capabilities for procedures like natural-orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). While advancements offer improved manipulation, challenges remain in realizing the ideal robotic endoscope for gastrointestinal treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Medical Robotics
  • Gastroenterology

Context:

  • Flexible endoscopy has evolved from diagnostic to therapeutic applications, notably for early gastrointestinal carcinoma treatment using endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
  • Conventional flexible endoscopes present manipulation limitations for complex therapeutic procedures.
  • Robotic systems have been developed to overcome these limitations in upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Purpose:

  • To review the development of flexible robotic endoscopy systems.
  • To highlight the capabilities of current robotic endoscopes, including tissue manipulation for procedures like grasping, traction, incision, excision, and hemostasis.
  • To discuss ongoing challenges and future directions in flexible robotic endoscopy.

Summary:

  • Flexible robotic endoscopes, initially developed for natural-orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), now support therapeutic interventions like endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
  • These systems typically feature dual mechanical arms on the endoscope head, enabling advanced manipulations.
  • Despite progress, the development of an ideal flexible robotic endoscope for comprehensive gastrointestinal procedures is ongoing.

Impact:

  • Advances in flexible robotic endoscopy promise to enhance the precision and efficacy of minimally invasive gastrointestinal surgeries.
  • The development aims to improve surgeon control and enable more complex interventions through natural orifices.
  • Continued research and development are crucial for overcoming current limitations and realizing the full potential of robotic endoscopy.