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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Ear01:16

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
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The Cochlea01:13

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Auditory Pathway01:15

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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The Mouse Round-window Approach for Ototoxic Agent Delivery: A Rapid and Reliable Technique for Inducing Cochlear Cell Degeneration
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Otitis externa.

Daniel Hajioff1, Samuel MacKeith

  • 1University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|June 16, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review examines empirical treatments for otitis externa, a common ear infection. It evaluates oral antibiotics, topical agents, and aural toilet to determine their effectiveness and safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Otitis externa affects 10% of the population, presenting in acute, chronic, or necrotising forms.
  • Risk factors include eczema, swimming, humidity, narrow ear canals, hearing aid use, and trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of empirical treatments for otitis externa.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of various interventions for this common ear condition.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review was conducted, searching major databases up to October 2013.
  • Nine studies were included, with interventions evaluated using GRADE methodology.

Main Results:

  • The review analyzed nine studies on otitis externa treatments.
  • GRADE evaluation was performed to assess the quality of evidence for interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Information on the effectiveness and safety of oral antibiotics, specialist aural toilet, and topical agents is presented.
  • Interventions reviewed include topical acetic acid, aluminium acetate, antibacterials, antifungals, and corticosteroids.