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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
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Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

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High Surface Area Tunnels in Hexagonal WO₃.

Wanmei Sun1,2, Michael T Yeung2, Andrew T Lech2

  • 1†Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.

Nano Letters
|June 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hexagonal tungsten oxide (h-WO3) exhibits high surface area via intracrystalline tunnels, enabling selective ion absorption and electrochemical energy storage applications.

Keywords:
Tungsten trioxidehigh surface areaintracrystalline tunnels

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Conventional methods for creating high surface area materials often rely on templating.
  • Developing novel synthesis approaches for materials with tailored porosity is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize hexagonal tungsten oxide (h-WO3) with a high surface area using a bottom-up approach.
  • To characterize the intracrystalline tunnels and evaluate their properties for ion absorption and energy storage.

Main Methods:

  • Low-pressure CO2 adsorption isotherms with nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) fitting.
  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for structural analysis.
  • Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) for material characterization.

Main Results:

  • Verified high surface area in h-WO3 due to 3.67 Å diameter intracrystalline tunnels.
  • Demonstrated selective absorption of H(+) and Li(+) ions, but not Na(+), within the tunnels without phase transformation.
  • Observed high specific pseudocapacitance and good stability in H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte.

Conclusions:

  • The bottom-up synthesis of h-WO3 yields a high surface area material with unique tunnel structures.
  • These tunnels facilitate selective ion transport, indicating potential for ion-sieving applications.
  • The material's electrochemical properties suggest utility in energy storage devices and selective gas adsorption.