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Related Concept Videos

Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
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Molecular Shape and Polarity03:37

Molecular Shape and Polarity

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Dipole Moment of a Molecule
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Polar Coordinates01:24

Polar Coordinates

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The polar coordinate system offers an alternative to the Cartesian coordinate system for specifying points in a plane, using a distance and an angle instead of x and y coordinates. This system is particularly advantageous in situations involving circular or rotational symmetry, such as in physics or engineering problems involving waves, oscillations, or orbital paths.Defining Polar CoordinatesIn polar coordinates, a point is represented as P(r, ��), where r is the radial distance...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Addressing polarisation in science.

Brian D Earp

    Journal of Medical Ethics
    |June 24, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Scientific community polarization can create researcher conflicts of interest. Self-reporting polarization is ineffective; instead, journal editors should identify and report it, requiring subject matter expertise.

    Keywords:
    Applied and Professional EthicsEthicsPublic Health EthicsPublication EthicsScientific Research

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    Area of Science:

    • Scientific integrity
    • Research ethics
    • Community dynamics

    Background:

    • Polarization within scientific communities can lead to conflicts of interest for researchers.
    • A proposed solution involves authors self-reporting their level of polarization on disclosure forms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of author self-reporting for addressing polarization-induced conflicts of interest.
    • To propose an alternative mechanism for identifying and managing research polarization.

    Main Methods:

    • Critical analysis of the proposed self-reporting mechanism.
    • Argumentation based on researcher self-awareness and integrity.
    • Proposal of an alternative role for journal editors.

    Main Results:

    • Author self-reporting of polarization is deemed unlikely to be effective.
    • Researchers with the integrity to self-report are less likely to be polarized in their work.
    • Journal editors are identified as a more suitable party for detecting and reporting polarization.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed self-reporting method for researcher polarization is impractical.
    • Journal editors, possessing field-specific knowledge, are better positioned to identify and address polarization.
    • Effective management of conflicts of interest requires editors to understand the nuances of their research fields.