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Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies in treating advanced melanoma
Whitney Metcalfe1, Jaime Anderson1, Van Anh Trinh1
1Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Abstract:
The anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies pembrolizumab and nivolumab have been contingently approved for the treatment of patients with advanced melanoma based on their durable response, high response rate, and favorable safety profile. Mature survival data from randomized phase III trials are eagerly awaited to confirm their position as the standard-of-care frontline or second-line therapy in advanced melanoma management algorithm. The immune-related adverse events associated with these novel agents are somewhat different than those of ipilimumab, considering the manifestation of pneumonitis and acute renal failure. Active research is ongoing to identify biomarkers predictive of clinical benefit to the anti-PD1 monoclonal antibodies, to expand their utility in other disease settings, and to explore their safety and efficacy in combination with other therapeutic agents. Unanswered questions concerning optimal dosing schedule, treatment duration, and therapy sequencing will also need to be addressed in future investigations.
Insights
Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibodies show promise for advanced melanoma, offering durable responses. Further research will confirm their role and explore optimal use and combinations.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, are approved for advanced melanoma.
- These agents demonstrate durable responses, high response rates, and a favorable safety profile.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the role of anti-PD-1 antibodies in advanced melanoma management.
- To investigate immune-related adverse events and compare them to ipilimumab.
- To identify predictive biomarkers and explore combination therapies and optimal treatment strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of randomized phase III trials for pembrolizumab and nivolumab in advanced melanoma.
- Analysis of clinical benefit, response rates, and safety profiles.
- Ongoing research into biomarkers, combination therapies, and treatment sequencing.
Main Results:
- Pembrolizumab and nivolumab show promise for advanced melanoma treatment.
- Immune-related adverse events include pneumonitis and acute renal failure, differing from ipilimumab.
- Active research is underway to optimize their use.
Conclusions:
- Anti-PD-1 antibodies represent a significant advancement in advanced melanoma therapy.
- Further data are needed to establish their standard-of-care position.
- Future research will focus on biomarkers, combinations, and treatment optimization.
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