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Organoid Models and Applications in Biomedical Research
Christodoulos Xinaris1, Valerio Brizi, Giuseppe Remuzzi
1IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Department of Molecular Medicine Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
Nephron
|June 27, 2015
Summary
Organoid technology enables the in vitro creation of human organ structures using stem cells. These 3D organoids offer new avenues for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine.
Area of Science:
- Stem cell biology
- Developmental biology
- Tissue engineering
Background:
- Organoids are complex 3D structures generated in vitro that mimic whole organs.
- Their development builds upon classical reaggregation experiments of dissociated embryonic organ cells.
- Advances in stem cell technology have been pivotal in their creation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review historical advances in organoid research.
- To describe recent developments in 3D human organoid formation.
- To highlight the applications and limitations of organoid technology.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing three-dimensional (3D) culture systems.
- Employing stem cell-derived or tissue progenitor cells.
- Leveraging self-organization principles of cellular aggregation.
Main Results:
- Organoids can be generated from human stem cells and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells.
- These 3D structures self-organize to recapitulate organ architecture.
- Significant prospects exist for various biomedical applications.
Conclusions:
- Organoid technology represents a major advancement in biological research.
- It holds promise for disease modeling, toxicology, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine.
- Current limitations are being addressed to further enhance their utility.
