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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

2.9K
The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

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α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas01:17

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas

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Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic agents utilized in treating type 2 diabetes. They are characterized by their unique sulfonylurea chemical structure. The family of sulfonylureas is divided into generations. First-generation sulfonylureas, including tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), and tolazamide (Tolinase), trigger insulin release from pancreatic β cells and enhance peripheral tissues' insulin sensitivity. The second-generation members, such as glipizide...
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The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

41
The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Oral Cavity01:11

Oral Cavity

4.0K
The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries
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Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries

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Xylitol and caries prevention.

Brett Duane1

  • 1Public Health England, County Hall North, Chart Way, Horsham, West Sussex, UK.

Evidence-Based Dentistry
|June 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Xylitol toothpaste may reduce cavities in children, but evidence quality is low. More research is needed to confirm xylitol

Area of Science:

  • Dental Public Health
  • Caries Prevention
  • Evidence-Based Dentistry

Background:

  • Dental caries remains a significant global health issue, particularly in children.
  • Xylitol is a sugar alcohol with known antimicrobial properties, but its efficacy in preventing caries when combined with fluoride needs further evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of xylitol-containing products for preventing dental caries in children and adults.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive search of multiple databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials.
  • Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers.
  • Meta-analysis was used to calculate prevented fractions for caries reduction.

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Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs
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Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs

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Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

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Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries
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Main Results:

  • Ten studies involving 5903 participants were included, with a high risk of bias in most.
  • Low-quality evidence indicated a 13% reduction in caries with fluoride toothpaste containing 10% xylitol compared to fluoride-only toothpaste in children.
  • No significant adverse effects were reported, though data was limited.

Conclusions:

  • Fluoride toothpaste with xylitol shows potential for preventing caries in children's permanent teeth, but findings require cautious interpretation due to study limitations.
  • Insufficient evidence exists to support the use of other xylitol products for caries prevention in various age groups.