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Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
Published on: October 24, 2025
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and reproductive medicine: A review
Marcelo Borges Cavalcante1, Fabrício DA Silva Costa2, Ricardo Barini3
1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
Background:
Recently, the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been proposed to improve pregnancy outcomes in reproductive medicine.
Objective:
A systematic review of the current use of G-CSF in patients who have difficulty conceiving and maintaining pregnancy was performed.
Materials And Methods:
Two electronic databases (PubMed/ Medline and Scopus) were searched. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were performed in duplicate. The subject codes used were granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF, recurrent miscarriage, IVF failure, and endometrium.
Results:
The search of electronic databases resulted in 215 citations (PubMed/ Medline: 139 and Scopus: 76), of which 38 were present in both databases. Of the remaining 177 publications, seven studies were included in the present review.
Conclusion:
Treatment with G-CSF is a novel proposal for immune therapy in patients with recurrent miscarriage and implantation failure following cycles of IVF. However, a larger number of well-designed studies are required for this treatment to be established.
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