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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and...
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Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
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Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Urinary Tract Infections in Dogs (2010-2013).

C Wong1, S E Epstein2, J L Westropp3

  • 1William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
|July 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimicrobial resistance in canine urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a growing concern. Susceptibility testing is crucial as common antibiotics show variable efficacy and prior antimicrobial use impacts resistance patterns in dogs.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial resistanceBacterial resistanceCulture and susceptibilityPyelonephritisUropathogens

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent in dogs.
  • Bacterial pathogens causing UTIs exhibit increasing antimicrobial resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of canine UTI isolates over a 51-month period.
  • To assess the impact of previous antimicrobial exposure on resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1,636 bacterial isolates from 1,028 dogs.
  • Identification of aerobic bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
  • Review of medical records for signalment, comorbidities, and prior antimicrobial use.

Main Results:

  • Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Enterococcus spp. were the most common isolates.
  • In vitro susceptibility varied significantly for commonly used antimicrobials, with none exceeding 90% efficacy.
  • Multidrug resistance was more prevalent in complicated UTIs and associated with prior antimicrobial administration.

Conclusions:

  • High variability in antimicrobial susceptibility necessitates routine culture and susceptibility testing for canine UTIs.
  • Previous antimicrobial use can influence resistance, impacting empirical treatment choices.
  • No single oral antimicrobial demonstrated consistent efficacy above 90% for the tested isolates.