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Updated: Apr 7, 2026
Thermal Imaging to Study Stress Non-invasively in Unrestrained Birds
Published on: November 6, 2015
No strings attached: physiological monitoring of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with thermal imaging
Stephanos Ioannou1, Hélène Chotard2, Marina Davila-Ross2
1Department of Neuroscience, Section of Physiology, University of Parma Parma, Italy ; Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth Portsmouth, UK.
Abstract:
Methodological challenges make physiological affective observations very restrictive as in many cases they take place in a laboratory setting rather than the animals' natural habitat. In the current study using Infrared Thermal Imaging we examine the physiological thermal imprints of five macaques. The monkeys were exposed in three different experimental scenarios. Playing with a toy, food teasing as well as feeding. It was observed that during teasing the temperature of the region surrounding the eyes was higher than play as a result of rapid saccades directed at the food. Compared to play and teasing, a lower temperature accompanied feeding on the upper lip, nose and orbital region suggesting elevated levels of distress. These findings prove that thermal imaging is a reliable method of physiological monitoring the subject at a distance while preserving a semi-experimental setting.
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