Chlorhexidine Uptake and Release From Modified Titanium Surfaces and Its Antimicrobial Activity

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Implantology
• Antimicrobial Research

Background:

• Peri-implant infections necessitate effective decontamination strategies.
• Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a common antiseptic, but its interaction with titanium implant surfaces requires further investigation.
• Understanding CHX release from modified titanium is crucial for optimizing peri-implantitis treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the chlorhexidine (CHX) release capabilities of different modified titanium surfaces.
• To assess the influence of surface treatments on CHX adsorption and release kinetics.
• To determine the antimicrobial efficacy of CHX-loaded titanium surfaces against oral bacteria.

Main Methods:

• Four titanium surface treatments were compared: machined (MA), acid-etched (HNF), resorbable blast media (RBM), and sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA).
• CHX release was measured using spectrometry after incubation with saliva or PBS and periodic CHX exposure.
• Antimicrobial activity was assessed via disk diffusion tests using Streptococcus gordonii.

Main Results:

• Titanium surfaces showed short-term CHX release, with levels declining within 3 days.
• SLA and RBM surfaces released more CHX, particularly when coated with saliva, compared to HNF and MA.
• Saliva-coated SLA and RBM surfaces exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity after CHX adsorption.

Conclusions:

• Titanium surface modification significantly impacts chlorhexidine (CHX) release.
• SLA and RBM surface modifications show promise for enhanced CHX uptake and retention in the oral environment.
• These findings suggest potential for improved peri-implant infection management using modified titanium surfaces and CHX.