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Perspectives on Preference Aggregation.

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Mathematical social choice theory faces challenges due to conflicting rationales. New quantitative methods examine real-world preferences, questioning established "impossibility results" and exploring behavioral insights for democratic decision-making.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Choice Theory
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Political Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Mathematical aggregation of preferences has a long history across disciplines.
  • 20th-century economic and political science theories suggest rational social choice is mathematically contradictory.
  • This has led to the view that coherent democratic decision-making is impossible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a quantitative research paradigm for behavioral investigation of social choice rules.
  • To examine mathematical social choice theory using real-world data (ballots, experimental choices, surveys).
  • To pose open questions regarding the validity of theoretical assumptions and empirical findings.

Main Methods:

  • A nontechnical review sketching a quantitative research paradigm.
  • Behavioral investigation of mathematical social choice rules.
  • Analysis of real ballots, experimental choices, and attitudinal survey data.

Main Results:

  • Classical assumptions about voter preferences may be descriptively invalid.
  • Empirical distributions of preferences might not always align with theoretical 'impossibility results'.
  • Behavioral analyses may contradict established social choice theory expectations.

Conclusions:

  • Empirical work can inform the formulation of theoretical primitives in social choice.
  • Investigating real-world preference distributions is crucial for understanding democratic decision-making.
  • Further behavioral analyses are needed to reconcile theory and empirical findings.