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Determination

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...

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FoxP2 protein levels regulate cell morphology changes and migration patterns in the vertebrate developing

Elena Garcia-Calero¹, Arancha Botella-Lopez², Olga Bahamonde^2,3

¹Instituto de Neurociencias (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, 03550, Alicante, Spain. ecalero@um.es.

Brain Structure & Function

|July 12, 2015

Summary

The transcription factor FoxP2 controls cell shape changes in the developing brain. Its gradient expression guides progenitor cells from multipolar to bipolar forms, influencing migration patterns in the vertebrate telencephalon.

Keywords:

Bipolar morphology Cortex Radial migration Striatum

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Progenitor cells in the mammalian telencephalon change from multipolar to bipolar shapes during mantle zone invasion.
These morphological shifts are linked to altered radial migration patterns.
The molecular mechanisms driving these cell shape transitions remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the FoxP2 protein in controlling progenitor cell morphology and migration during telencephalic development.
To analyze the relationship between FoxP2 expression levels, cell morphology, and migratory behavior in vertebrate models.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of FoxP2 protein expression, cell morphology, and migration in developing mouse and chicken striatum.
In utero electroporation to manipulate FoxP2 levels in mouse embryonic brains.
Examination of FoxP2's influence on cell morphology and migration in the mouse cerebral cortex.

Main Results:

FoxP2 protein exhibited a gradient expression pattern in mouse embryos, from the subventricular zone to the mantle layer.
Multipolar migration was observed in low FoxP2 domains, while higher FoxP2 levels correlated with bipolar morphology and directed migration.
Homogenous high FoxP2 expression in chicken striatum was associated with predominant bipolar morphology.
Experimental elevation of FoxP2 promoted bipolar morphology and hindered multipolar migration in mouse models.
Similar effects were observed in the mouse cerebral cortex.

Conclusions:

FoxP2 protein plays a crucial role in promoting the transition from multipolar to bipolar cell morphology during telencephalic development.
Gradiental expression of FoxP2 is a key mechanism for controlling cell shape and migration in the developing mouse striatum and cortex.
Differential FoxP2 expression is implicated in the regulation of cell morphology within the vertebrate telencephalon.