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Vertical Localization of the Malar Prominence.

Yvonne E Kaptein1, John S Kaptein1, Alexander Markarian1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Calif. Currently, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.; Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, Calif.; and Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The vertical position of the cheekbone (malar prominence) is consistent across individuals and closely matches the Golden Ratio used in art. This finding offers a reliable reference for facial reconstruction and augmentation surgeries.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Facial Anatomy
  • Aesthetics

Background:

  • Accurate localization of the malar complex is crucial for symmetrical and aesthetically pleasing facial reconstruction or augmentation.
  • Previous studies have not established the precise location of the malar prominence in relation to demographic factors like gender, age, or ethnicity.
  • Some research has explored relating malar prominence position to the Golden Ratio (φ) for aesthetic appeal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the vertical position of the malar prominence relative to other facial landmarks.
  • To determine the consistency of this position among individuals.
  • To compare the observed facial landmark ratios with those used in classical artistry, particularly those derived from the Golden Ratio.

Main Methods:

  • A convenience sample of 67 patients from an otolaryngology practice was analyzed.
  • The vertical location of the malar prominence was measured relative to distinct facial landmarks.
  • The ratio of chin-to-malar prominence distance to chin-to-eye canthus distance was calculated.

Main Results:

  • The average chin-to-malar prominence distance was found to be approximately 0.793 of the chin-to-eye canthus distance.
  • Methodological consistency was validated through low coefficients of variation for image selection and reader variability.
  • Population consistency was demonstrated with a low coefficient of variation (2.84%) among individuals.
  • No statistically significant differences in malar prominence location were observed across gender, age, or ethnic groups (White and Hispanic).
  • The determined ratio closely approximated the artistic value of 0.809, which is based on the Golden Ratio (φ).

Conclusions:

  • The vertical positioning of the malar prominence exhibits significant consistency among individuals.
  • The Golden Ratio provides a clinically relevant approximation for the ideal vertical position of the malar prominence.
  • This established ratio can serve as a valuable reference point for surgical planning in malar complex reconstruction or augmentation procedures.