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Related Concept Videos

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Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Related Experiment Video

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Meal Duration as a Measure of Orofacial Nociceptive Responses in Rodents
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[Toothache with a neuropathic background].

V Khatchaturian, A de Wijer, S I Kalaykova

    Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Tandheelkunde
    |July 17, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This case study highlights atypical odontalgia, a neuropathic toothache resistant to conventional dental treatments. Anti-epileptic drugs proved effective, suggesting a neuropathic origin for the persistent pain.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dentistry
    • Neurology
    • Orofacial Pain Management

    Background:

    • A 48-year-old woman presented with a 15-year history of persistent toothache in the left maxillary premolar region.
    • The patient had undergone multiple dental treatments, including endodontics, apical surgery, extraction, and splint therapy, without relief.

    Observation:

    • The persistent 'toothache' exhibited characteristics suggestive of a neuropathic condition.
    • Conventional dental interventions failed to resolve the orofacial pain.

    Findings:

    • The administration of anti-epileptic drugs significantly reduced the patient's pain.
    • This response to medication indicated a neuropathic basis for the atypical odontalgia.

    Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of considering neuropathic pain in diagnosing persistent orofacial pain conditions.
    • Recognizing atypical odontalgia is crucial for effective treatment planning and patient management.
    • Neuropathic pain management strategies, such as anti-epileptic drugs, may be beneficial for refractory toothache cases.