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Thyroid Hemiagenesis Associated with Hyperthyroidism.

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Thyroid hemiagenesis, a rare congenital anomaly, can present with symptomatic hyperthyroidism. This study highlights two cases where thyroid hemiagenesis was associated with toxic multinodular goiter and Graves

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Congenital Anomalies
  • Thyroid Disorders

Background:

  • Thyroid hemiagenesis (TH) is a rare congenital anomaly, typically asymptomatic.
  • Association between TH and thyroid disorders, including hyperthyroidism, is noted.
  • Hyperthyroidism can manifest TH, making it symptomatic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report two cases of thyroid hemiagenesis presenting with hyperthyroidism.
  • To illustrate diagnostic approaches and management of TH with hyperthyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of two patients with TH and hyperthyroidism.
  • Diagnostic tools included biochemical analysis, ultrasound, and nuclear scan.
  • Treatment involved antithyroid medication followed by surgical excision.

Main Results:

  • Case 1: TH with toxic multinodular goiter, confirmed by imaging showing a hyperactive right lobe and absent left lobe.
  • Case 2: TH with Graves' disease, characterized by diffuse hyperplasia of the right lobe and absent left lobe on imaging.
  • Both patients were successfully treated with surgery after initial medical management.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hemiagenesis can be associated with symptomatic hyperthyroidism.
  • Ultrasound and nuclear scan are crucial for diagnosing TH.
  • Surgical management is effective for symptomatic TH with hyperthyroidism.