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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Conjugation01:19

Mechanism of Conjugation

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Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that enables the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. This process is facilitated by a donor cell carrying a conjugative plasmid, which encodes genes necessary for pilus formation, DNA replication, and transfer. The conjugative plasmid plays a central role in initiating and executing the transfer of genetic material.The tra region of the conjugative plasmid encodes proteins responsible for...
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Conjugation01:19

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Conjugation is a form of horizontal gene transfer that primarily occurs in bacteria and some archaea, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation. Bacteria can acquire resistance genes through conjugative plasmids, allowing them to survive antibiotic treatments that would otherwise be lethal. This process involves direct contact between cells through specialized structures such as the sex pilus and is mediated by conjugative plasmids, including the F (fertility) factor.Conjugation requires...
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Transduction

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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

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Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
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Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

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Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
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Methodology for the Study of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Staphylococcus aureus
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Conjugative Transfer in Staphylococcus aureus.

Cortney R Halsey1, Paul D Fey2

  • 1Center for Staphylococcal Research, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transferring large class III plasmids in staphylococci is challenging. This review details conjugative mobilization methods for efficiently moving these antimicrobial resistance plasmids into clean bacterial strains.

Keywords:
ConjugationPlasmidStaphylococci

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial genetics
  • Antimicrobial resistance

Background:

  • Plasmids significantly contribute to antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci.
  • Efficient transfer of plasmids is crucial for studying their role in resistance.
  • Current methods struggle with the transfer of larger staphylococcal plasmids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for transferring large staphylococcal class III plasmids.
  • To address the limitations of existing plasmid transfer techniques.
  • To highlight conjugative mobilization as a viable transfer strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on plasmid transfer techniques in staphylococci.
  • Focus on conjugative mobilization for class III plasmids (30-60 kb).
  • Comparison with bacteriophage transduction and electroporation for smaller plasmids.

Main Results:

  • Bacteriophage transduction and electroporation are inefficient for large class III plasmids.
  • Conjugative mobilization offers an effective means for transferring class III plasmids.
  • Successful transfer enables study in genetically clean backgrounds.

Conclusions:

  • Conjugative mobilization is a key method for transferring large staphylococcal plasmids.
  • Overcoming transfer limitations facilitates research into antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.
  • This technique aids in understanding the spread of resistance genes via plasmids.