Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Free-falling Bodies: Example01:05

Free-falling Bodies: Example

33.9K
An object falling without any air resistance under the influence of gravitational force is said to be in free-fall. For free-falling bodies, the acceleration due to gravity is constant, irrespective of their mass. Free-fall is experienced not only by objects falling downward, but also by all objects whose motion is influenced by gravitational force alone. The dynamics of free-fall motion can be calculated using kinematic equations of motion, since free-fall acceleration is constant.
The...
33.9K
Differential Equations: Problem Solving01:21

Differential Equations: Problem Solving

195
When analyzing the motion of falling objects, it is essential to consider not only the force of gravity but also the opposing force of air resistance. A practical example involves releasing a heavy test weight during a safety check on a ship. As the weight falls from rest, gravity accelerates it downward while air resistance exerts an upward force that increases with velocity. This dynamic interplay of forces is well described by differential equations, which provide a mathematical framework...
195
Free-falling Bodies: Introduction01:07

Free-falling Bodies: Introduction

14.5K
All objects, neglecting air resistance, fall with the same acceleration towards the Earth's center due to the force exerted by the Earth's gravity. This experimentally determined fact is unexpected because we are so accustomed to the effects of air resistance and friction that we expect light objects to fall slower than heavier ones. People believed that a heavier object had a greater acceleration when falling until Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) proved otherwise. We now know this is...
14.5K
Steps for Free-Body Diagram01:22

Steps for Free-Body Diagram

3.8K
When it comes to studying the behavior of objects in mechanics, one of the most important tools available is the free-body diagram. Consider a simple example of a system of two blocks coupled by a massless string over a frictionless pulley. Block 1 is sliding over a table pulled by block 2 as block 2 falls under gravity.
To find the acceleration of the system, it is first necessary to calculate the net force on the system. In order to accomplish this, a free-body diagram can be created to...
3.8K
Archimedes' Principle01:13

Archimedes' Principle

14.3K
Archimedes' principle states that an upward buoyant force exerted on a body that is immersed partially or entirely in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it. To understand how much buoyant force is needed to make an object float, let us think about what happens when a submerged object is removed from a fluid. If the object were not in the fluid, the space occupied by the object would be filled by the fluid having a weight wfl. This weight is supported by the...
14.3K
Apparent Weight01:09

Apparent Weight

10.3K
True weight is the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object. However, if the object accelerates, its measured weight is different from its true weight. Similar observations can be made when the object is submerged in water. An object's weight in water is its apparent weight, which is equal to the difference between its true weight and the buoyant forces.
Consider a person standing on a bathroom scale inside an elevator. If the scale is accurate at rest, its reading equals the...
10.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pressure dynamics in the bottleneck flow of self-propelled particles.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Janssen effect in submerged granular columns.

Soft matter·2025
Same author

Shape matters: Competing mechanisms of particle shape segregation.

Physical review. E·2022
Same author

[Care of infectious diseases in underage refugees exemplified by Ukraine].

Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde·2022
Same author

Self-diffusion of spherocylindrical particles flowing under non-uniform shear rate.

Soft matter·2022
Same author

Characterization of the Clogging Transition in Vibrated Granular Media.

Physical review letters·2021
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions
08:49

Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions

Published on: February 17, 2019

7.1K

Disentangling the Free-Fall Arch Paradox in Silo Discharge.

S M Rubio-Largo1, A Janda2, D Maza1

  • 1Departamento de Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, Navarra, Spain.

Physical Review Letters
|July 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The traditional free-fall arch in silo flow is disproven, but a kinetic pressure transition scaling with outlet size explains past approximations for granular media discharge rates.

More Related Videos

Laboratory Drop Towers for the Experimental Simulation of Dust-aggregate Collisions in the Early Solar System
09:44

Laboratory Drop Towers for the Experimental Simulation of Dust-aggregate Collisions in the Early Solar System

Published on: June 5, 2014

13.6K
Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions
08:49

Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions

Published on: February 17, 2019

7.1K
Laboratory Drop Towers for the Experimental Simulation of Dust-aggregate Collisions in the Early Solar System
09:44

Laboratory Drop Towers for the Experimental Simulation of Dust-aggregate Collisions in the Early Solar System

Published on: June 5, 2014

13.6K
Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Granular Mechanics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Theoretical models for granular media discharge from silos often assume a 'free-fall arch' region.
  • The existence and nature of this free-fall arch remain controversial in scientific literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally and numerically investigate particle flow dynamics in 2D and 3D silos near the outlet.
  • To clarify the existence and characteristics of the free-fall arch phenomenon.
  • To understand the micromechanical properties governing granular flow rate.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a coarse-grained technique for detailed analysis of particle flow.
  • Conducted experiments and numerical simulations on 2D and 3D silo models.
  • Examined kinetic and micromechanical properties of granular media in the outlet vicinity.

Main Results:

  • The study found no evidence of a free-fall arch as traditionally defined.
  • A distinct transition in kinetic pressure was observed near the outlet.
  • This pressure transition position scales universally with the silo's outlet size.

Conclusions:

  • The traditional free-fall arch model is not physically accurate for silo discharge.
  • The observed kinetic pressure transition provides a more accurate explanation for granular flow rates.
  • Universal scaling of this transition explains the historical utility of the free-fall arch approximation.