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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

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Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
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Related Experiment Video

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Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
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[DNA methylation in thyroid carcinoma].

Xianyun Song, Xiaoling Shang, Yutuo Zhang

    Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi = Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
    |July 28, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation, play a key role in thyroid carcinoma development and spread. Reversing these changes offers a promising new treatment strategy for this cancer.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Epigenetics
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Cancer development involves genetic and epigenetic factors.
    • Epigenetic changes, like DNA methylation, alter gene expression without changing DNA sequence.
    • Thyroid carcinoma is a significant health concern where epigenetic dysregulation is implicated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the role of DNA methylation in thyroid carcinoma.
    • To understand how DNA methylation contributes to cancer invasion and metastasis.
    • To review current epigenetic therapies for thyroid carcinoma.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on DNA methylation and thyroid carcinoma.
    • Analysis of epigenetic mechanisms in cancer progression.

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  • Summary of emerging epigenetic treatment strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic modification influencing gene expression in thyroid carcinoma.
    • Aberrant DNA methylation patterns are linked to tumor dissemination, invasion, and metastasis.
    • Epigenetic therapies targeting DNA methylation show potential for treating thyroid carcinoma.

    Conclusions:

    • DNA methylation is a key driver in thyroid carcinoma progression.
    • Targeting DNA methylation represents a viable therapeutic avenue for thyroid cancer.
    • Further research into epigenetic therapies is crucial for effective thyroid carcinoma treatment.