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Current Progress in Sports Genomics.

Ildus I Ahmetov1, Olga N Fedotovskaya2

  • 1Sport Technology Research Center, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.

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Summary

Genetic markers influence athletic performance, with over 120 linked to elite status. While some DNA variations show promise for talent identification, further research is needed for practical application in sports.

Keywords:
AthletesAthletic performanceEnduranceGWASGenePolymorphismPowerSports selectionStrengthTalent

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Understanding the genetic basis of athletic performance is crucial for talent identification in sports.
  • Numerous DNA polymorphisms (genetic variations) have been investigated for their potential role in athletic success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing evidence and mechanistic insights on the associations between DNA polymorphisms and athletic performance.
  • To identify key genetic markers linked to elite athlete status.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was conducted for studies published between 1997 and 2014.
  • The review analyzed associations between genetic markers and endurance or power/strength-related athletic performance.
  • Included studies on elite athlete status and genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Main Results:

  • Over 120 genetic markers were linked to elite athlete status, with 77 for endurance and 43 for power/strength.
  • Eleven markers showed consistent positive associations in multiple studies.
  • Six markers were identified through GWAS in diverse athletic populations.
  • The significance of 29 markers was not consistently replicated across studies.

Conclusions:

  • While numerous genetic markers are associated with athletic performance, replication and validation are essential.
  • Further large-scale, multi-center studies employing advanced genomic and multi-omic approaches are necessary.
  • Translating these genetic findings into practical talent identification tools requires more robust evidence.