Determination of amphetamines in biological samples using electro enhanced solid-phase microextraction-gas...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Science

Background:

• Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a common technique for sample preparation.
• Traditional SPME methods can have limitations in extraction efficiency for certain analytes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate an electro-enhanced SPME (EE-SPME) method for amphetamine analysis.
• To utilize ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC)/Nafion coated fibers as working electrodes for improved analyte extraction.

Main Methods:

• Preparation of an ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC)/Nafion coated fiber.
• Application of the coated fiber as a working electrode in electro-enhanced SPME (EE-SPME).
• Analysis of amphetamine (AP) and methamphetamine (MA) in biological matrices (urine and serum).

Main Results:

• EE-SPME demonstrated significantly higher extraction efficiency compared to traditional SPME, with enhancement factors of 7.8 for AP and 12.1 for MA.
• The method showed good linearity for AP (10-1000 ng/mL) and MA (20-1000 ng/mL) determination.
• Low detection limits (1.2 ng/mL for AP, 4.8 ng/mL for MA) and acceptable relative standard deviations (6.2% for AP, 8.5% for MA) were achieved.

Conclusions:

• The developed EE-SPME method using OMC/Nafion coated fibers is effective for the sensitive determination of amphetamines.
• This technique offers enhanced extraction efficiency and reliable quantification in complex biological samples like urine and serum.