Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

982
The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force...
982
Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations01:23

Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations

304
Nomograms and tabulations are vital tools used by clinicians to design accurate and individualized dosage regimens. These instruments provide a straightforward method for adjusting dosages based on individual patient characteristics, including age, weight, and physiological condition. The foundation of a drug's nomogram is population pharmacokinetic data collected and analyzed using specific models. This data simplifies complex equations, presenting them diagrammatically or tabularly for easy...
304
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving01:20

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving

3.1K
Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, which is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f(v).
This distribution function f(v) is defined by saying that the expected number N (v1,v2) of particles with speeds between v1 and v2 is given by
3.1K
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

2.1K
The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

VIT-MBRT, a GPU accelerated Monte Carlo tool for investigations on preclinical minibeam radiation therapy.

Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)·2026
Same author

Real-word evidence in anti-VEGF naive patients treated with pazopanib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), the APOLON Study.

ESMO real world data and digital oncology·2026
Same author

Evidence for the Collective Nature of Radial Flow in Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Evidence for the Dimuon Decay of the Higgs Boson in pp Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Biventricular and bia-trial strain by cardiac magnetic resonance in thalassaemia intermedia: patterns and correlates.

Clinical radiology·2025
Same author

Evidence for Longitudinally Polarized W Bosons in the Electroweak Production of Same-Sign W Boson Pairs in Association with Two Jets in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025
Same journal

PAC-Net: patch adaptive cut-off network with differentiable module-wise K-learning for robust and efficient medical image segmentation.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Four-dimensional on-beam computed tomography reconstruction using projection-difference images.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Higher-order synergy-based ranking in transcriptomic communities via latent factors and O-information.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Calculating biological dose distributions in hadrontherapy using GATE: the BioDose actor.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

A 1.5 mm BGO PET detector with DOI measurement.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Development and validation of XrayMC: a dedicated Monte Carlo tool for X-ray imaging and radiation protection.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation
10:33

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation

Published on: September 4, 2017

16.8K

GEANT4 for breast dosimetry: parameters optimization study.

C Fedon1, F Longo, G Mettivier

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy. INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|August 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study benchmarks GEANT4 toolkit parameters for mammography dosimetry. G4EmLivermorePhysicsList accurately calculates linear attenuation and normalized glandular dose (DgN) coefficients, crucial for mean glandular dose (MGD) evaluation.

More Related Videos

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

7.8K
A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy PRRT: 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods
09:49

A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy PRRT: 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods

Published on: April 24, 2020

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation
10:33

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation

Published on: September 4, 2017

16.8K
Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

7.8K
A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy PRRT: 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods
09:49

A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy PRRT: 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods

Published on: April 24, 2020

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Dosimetry
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Mean glandular dose (MGD) is the primary dosimetric quantity in mammography.
  • MGD evaluation relies on entrance skin air kerma (ESAK) and normalized glandular dose (DgN) coefficients.
  • DgN coefficients require accurate estimation using Monte Carlo (MC) methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To benchmark GEANT4 toolkit parameters for accurate DgN coefficient evaluation.
  • To assess the performance of different electromagnetic PhysicsLists within GEANT4 for medical applications.
  • To propose fit equations for the G-factor parameter in heterogeneous breast dosimetry.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented and tested four electromagnetic PhysicsLists in GEANT4.
  • Calculated linear attenuation coefficients for various breast glandularity levels (0-100%) across an 8-50 keV energy range.
  • Evaluated DgN coefficients and compared results with published data and theoretical values.

Main Results:

  • G4EmLivermorePhysicsList demonstrated the best agreement for linear attenuation coefficients.
  • Achieved an excellent correlation factor (r2 > 0.99) for DgN coefficients compared to literature values.
  • Proposed G-factor estimation equations and discussed their application in heterogeneous dosimetry.

Conclusions:

  • G4EmLivermorePhysicsList is recommended for GEANT4-based mammography dosimetry.
  • Established a benchmark of GEANT4 parameters for future breast dosimetry research.
  • The study provides a validated approach for precise MGD evaluation using MC simulations.