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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Processes of Self-Presentation01:29

Processes of Self-Presentation

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Effective self-presentation is a central component of social interaction and identity construction. It relies on the dynamic processes of defining the situation and engaging in self-disclosure. These mechanisms help individuals navigate social context expectations and manage how others perceive them, fostering mutual understanding and relationship development.Defining the SituationSocial situations are shaped by collectively understood frames—a set of widely understood rules or...
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Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

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Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
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Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
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Discourse processing-examining our everyday language experiences.

Jesse R Sparks1, David N Rapp1

  • 1Northwestern University, 2120 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science
|August 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores discourse comprehension, focusing on text processing. It details discourse elements, their interactions, and current research to enhance understanding of how we process language in everyday communication.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Discourse processing research examines how individuals comprehend language beyond sentence level.
  • Key areas include everyday cognitive and social interactions through text and conversation.
  • The field investigates larger linguistic units like books and conversations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the core issues in discourse comprehension, with a focus on text processing.
  • To outline the components of naturalistic discourse.
  • To identify interactions between these components and influential theoretical frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of empirical research on discourse processing.
  • Analysis of theoretical and applied contemporary work.
  • Examination of influential frameworks in the field.

Main Results:

  • Identified key elements constituting naturalistic discourse.
  • Highlighted interactions among discourse elements, leading to influential frameworks.
  • Reviewed current theoretical and applied research enhancing discourse processing models.

Conclusions:

  • Discourse comprehension is a complex process involving multiple interacting elements.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing comprehensive models of text processing.
  • Ongoing research continues to refine our knowledge of discourse experiences.