Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Rheumatologic Diseases Admitted to the ICU

To assess the outcomes in a large cohort of patients suffering from rheumatic diseases admitted to the ICU of a tertiary university medical center.

A retrospective chart analysis was performed in 108 patients suffering from various rheumatic diseases and the outcomes, including morbidity and mortality, were assessed in relation to the underlying diseases, treatments and complications.

Overall, 48 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, five patients with spondyloarthritis, 14 patients with vasculitis, 30 patients with connective tissue diseases and 11 patients suffering from other rheumatologic conditions were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The reasons for ICU admission included infection (30%), cardiovascular complications (22%), gastrointestinal problems (18%), endocrinological disorders (7%), neurological complications (2%) and others (3%). A total of 4% of the admitted patients required close monitoring and 14% suffered from acute exacerbation of the underlying rheumatic disease. The ICU mortality rate was 16%, whereas the overall hospital mortality rate was 20%. Fatal outcomes were related to exacerbation of the rheumatic disease in 14% of the patients, infectious complications in 46% of the patients and other reasons in 41% of the patients. An increased Apache II score, the need for mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, treatment with vasopressor drugs and plasma exchange therapy were identified as risk factors for mortality.

The overall outcomes of critically ill patients with rheumatic diseases are impaired compared to that observed in other patient groups. However, there were no significant differences in outcomes between the different rheumatic disease groups or based on the use of immunosuppressive therapy in this study. An increased Apache II score, the need for mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, treatment with vasopressor drugs and plasma exchange therapy were identified as risk factors for mortality.