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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
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Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography
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Ambient ionization MS for bioanalysis: recent developments and challenges.

John Takyi-Williams1, Chuan-Fa Liu1, Kai Tang1

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

Bioanalysis
|August 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry (MS) offers rapid, direct analysis of biological samples. While promising for metabolomics and tissue imaging, challenges in quantitation and sensitivity remain for broader bioanalysis applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Ambient ionization mass spectrometry (MS) is a rapidly developing analytical technique.
  • It enables direct and rapid analysis of biological samples under ambient conditions with minimal preparation.
  • Applications span metabolomics, biological tissue imaging, and drug analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in ambient ionization MS for bioanalysis.
  • To highlight the applications of ambient MS in various biological fields.
  • To discuss current limitations and challenges hindering wider adoption.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent developments in ambient ionization MS.
  • Focus on applications in metabolomics, bioimaging, and drug analysis.
  • Discussion of challenges including quantitation, sensitivity, selectivity, instrumentation, and mass range.

Main Results:

  • Ambient ionization MS has shown significant progress in direct sample analysis.
  • Key applications include in situ analysis of biological tissues and rapid drug screening.
  • Despite advancements, limitations in quantitative accuracy and sensitivity persist.

Conclusions:

  • Ambient ionization MS is a powerful tool for bioanalysis, offering speed and minimal sample handling.
  • Further research is needed to overcome existing challenges for routine quantitative analysis.
  • The field holds significant potential for in situ biological sample characterization.