Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 5, 2026
14:32
Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins SIRT2 and Specific Protein-substrates
Published on: February 27, 2016
8.8K
Sirtuin regulation in aging and injury
1Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|August 26, 2015
Summary
Sirtuins (Sir2) are NAD(+)-dependent proteins regulating cellular processes. Declining sirtuin activity is linked to aging and injury outcomes, impacting mitochondrial function and inflammation.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Gerontology
Background:
- Sirtuins (Sir2) are conserved NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases with roles in cellular regulation.
- Seven human isoforms (SIRT1-SIRT7) exist, functioning as histone deacetylases and regulating transcription.
- Sirtuins are implicated in longevity and diseases including cancer, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegeneration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of sirtuins in aging.
- To explore the link between sirtuin activity and injury outcomes.
- To highlight sirtuin involvement in mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and inflammation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on sirtuins, aging, and injury.
- Analysis of sirtuin-mediated regulation of key cellular targets.
- Examination of SIRT1 expression and activity changes in hypoxic-ischemic conditions.
Main Results:
- Sirtuin activity declines with age, and its enhancement can prolong lifespan in model organisms.
- SIRT1 expression and activity are altered in response to hypoxic-ischemic injury and reoxygenation.
- SIRT1 targets like PGC-1α, FOXO3, p53, and NF-κb are crucial for mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and inflammation.
Conclusions:
- Sirtuins play a critical role in aging and the body's response to injury.
- Modulating sirtuin activity may offer therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases and injury recovery.
- Understanding sirtuin pathways is key to determining lifespan and improving health outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:31Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response
3.2K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
3.2K
01:19The Effect of Aging on Tissues
4.1K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
4.1K
03:03mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
5.1K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
5.1K
02:58Regulated Protein Degradation
9.3K
It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
9.3K
02:58Regulated Protein Degradation
3.4K
3.4K
01:37Mitochondria
21.4K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
21.4K