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Opium as a Risk Factor for Bladder Cancer: A Population-based Case-control Study in Iran
Morteza Akbari1, Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami2, Narges Khanjani3
1Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Archives of Iranian Medicine
|August 29, 2015
Summary
Opium consumption is a significant risk factor for bladder cancer (BC) in Iran. This study found a strong association and a dose-response relationship between opium use and BC incidence.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Bladder cancer (BC) is a prevalent genitourinary malignancy.
- Opium consumption is a potential risk factor, particularly in Iran.
- Investigating the link between opium use and BC incidence is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between opium and its derivatives consumption and bladder cancer incidence.
- To quantify the risk posed by opium use in the Iranian population.
Main Methods:
- An individually matched case-control study was conducted in Shiraz, Iran.
- 198 BC patients and 396 matched healthy controls were enrolled.
- Data on substance use and diet were collected via questionnaire; logistic regression was used for analysis.
Main Results:
- Opium consumption showed a significant association with increased BC risk (adjusted OR = 3.9).
- A dose-response relationship was observed, with higher consumption linked to greater odds of BC.
- Low and high opium consumption yielded ORs of 3.3 and 4.9, respectively.
Conclusions:
- Opium consumption emerges as a potential strong risk factor for bladder cancer in Iran.
- Findings highlight the need for public health interventions targeting opium use to reduce BC burden.
