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Related Concept Videos

Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback
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SoftAR: visually manipulating haptic softness perception in spatial augmented reality.

Parinya Punpongsanon, Daisuke Iwai, Kosuke Sato

    IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
    |September 5, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    SoftAR uses visual effects to make physical objects feel softer. This novel spatial augmented reality (AR) technique manipulates perceived softness through surface deformation and hand appearance changes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Augmented Reality
    • Haptics

    Background:

    • Traditional augmented reality (AR) often struggles to convey tactile properties like softness.
    • Existing projection-based AR methods primarily alter surface appearance, limiting realistic haptic feedback.
    • Understanding human perception of softness is crucial for developing effective pseudo-haptic systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce SoftAR, a novel spatial augmented reality (AR) technique for manipulating perceived object softness.
    • To investigate the effectiveness of visual effects in simulating pseudo-haptics for softness perception.
    • To develop a computational model for estimating perceived softness within the SoftAR system.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed two projection visual effects: Surface Deformation Effect (SDE) and Body Appearance Effect (BAE).
    • SDE visualizes 2D surface deformation based on a controlled softness parameter.
    • BAE modifies the color of the user's pushing hand, with a focus on finger area (fBAE).
    • Conducted psychophysical experiments to evaluate the manipulation of softness perception.
    • Created a computational model to estimate perceived softness using SDE and fBAE.

    Main Results:

    • Psychophysical experiments confirmed that SDE significantly increases perceived softness beyond actual softness.
    • The combined SDE and finger-focused BAE (fBAE) demonstrated enhanced manipulation of perceived softness.
    • A computational model was successfully developed to estimate perceived softness under SDE+fBAE conditions.
    • A prototype SoftAR system was built with applications for softness adjustment and transfer.

    Conclusions:

    • SoftAR effectively manipulates perceived softness using pseudo-haptic visual cues.
    • The proposed visual effects, particularly SDE combined with fBAE, offer a promising approach to simulating tactile sensations in AR.
    • The developed computational model and prototype system lay the groundwork for future AR haptic applications.