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Enteral nutrition encompasses various methods of delivering nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bypassing traditional oral intake. It is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot eat by mouth but have a functioning digestive system. Key methods include nasointestinal feeding, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy, each suited to different clinical scenarios based on the patient's needs and condition.
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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Neuroenteric Stimulation for Gastroparesis.

Brian E Lacy1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. Brian.e.lacy@hitchcock.org.

Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology
|September 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Gastroparesis (GP) is a condition of delayed gastric emptying. Neuroenteric stimulation (gastric electrical stimulation) offers a potential treatment for severe GP cases unresponsive to standard therapies.

Keywords:
AntiemeticsGastric electrical stimulationGastric emptyingGastric scintigraphyGastroparesisNauseaNeuroenteric stimulationProkineticsVomiting

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Medical Devices
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Gastroparesis (GP) is a syndrome of delayed gastric emptying causing epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting without obstruction.
  • Prevalence is estimated at 24 per 100,000, disproportionately affecting women.
  • Identifiable causes include diabetes (25%), autoimmune disorders, surgery, and idiopathic (50%), potentially linked to viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of neuroenteric stimulator therapy for gastroparesis.
  • To discuss mechanisms of action, efficacy data, patient selection, and adverse events of neuroenteric stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neuroenteric stimulation therapy for gastroparesis.
  • Analysis of published studies on efficacy and safety.
  • Discussion of pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical application.

Main Results:

  • Neuroenteric stimulation (gastric electrical stimulation) is a treatment option for severe gastroparesis.
  • Standard therapies include dietary modifications, prokinetics, and antiemetics for mild to moderate symptoms.
  • Further data on efficacy, patient selection, and adverse events are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroenteric stimulation is a viable option for refractory gastroparesis.
  • Understanding mechanisms and careful patient selection are crucial for optimal outcomes.
  • This review provides insights into the application of neuroenteric stimulators in managing gastroparesis.