Novel hybrid materials for preparation of bone tissue engineering scaffolds

The organic-inorganic hybrid systems based on biopolymer hydrogels with dispersed silica nanoparticles were obtained and characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility and bioactivity. The hybrid materials were prepared in a form of collagen and collagen-chitosan sols to which the silica nanoparticles of two different sizes were incorporated. The ability of these materials to undergo in situ gelation under physiological temperature was assessed by microviscosity and gelation time determination based on steady-state fluorescence anisotropy measurements. The effect of silica nanoparticles addition on the physicochemical properties (surface wettability, swellability) of hybrid materials was analyzed and compared with those characteristic for pristine collagen and collagen-chitosan hydrogels. Biological studies indicate that surface wettability determined in terms of contact angle for all of the hybrids prepared is optimal and thus can provide satisfactory adhesion of fibroblasts. Cytotoxicity test results showed high metabolic activity of mouse as well as human fibroblast cell lines cultured on hybrid materials. The composition of hybrids was optimized in terms of concentration of silica nanoparticles. The effect of silica on the formation of bone-like mineral structures on exposition to simulated body fluid was determined. SEM images revealed mineral phase formation not only at the surfaces but also in the whole volumes of all hybrid materials developed suggesting their usefulness for bone tissue engineering. EDS and FTIR analyses indicated that these mineral phases consist of apatite-like structures.