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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
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IgG4 Staining in Thyroid Eye Disease.

Irwin Kashani1, Saul N Rajak, Daniel J Kearney

  • 1*South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia; and †Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|September 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) can affect the eyelid muscle. This case highlights IgG4 staining in levator palpebrae superioris inflammation, particularly in patients with a history of thyroid eye disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) is an emerging condition.
  • IgG4 staining is also observed in other inflammatory orbital diseases.

Observation:

  • A case of IgG4 staining in an enlarged, inflamed levator palpebrae superioris is presented.
  • The patient had a history of thyroid eye disease.

Findings:

  • Biopsy confirmed IgG4-related ophthalmic disease in the levator palpebrae superioris.
  • The patient showed an incomplete response to triamcinolone injection.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the association between thyroid eye disease and IgG4 staining.
  • Diagnostic challenges arise when IgG4-ROD criteria are met in patients with co-existing orbital inflammation.