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Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Biobanking of Human Aqueous and Vitreous Liquid Biopsies for Molecular Analyses
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Recent Progress in Using Biomaterials as Vitreous Substitutes.

Xinyi Su1,2, Mein Jin Tan3, Zibiao Li3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital , 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 7, Singapore 119228, Singapore.

Biomacromolecules
|September 15, 2015
PubMed
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Polymeric hydrogels offer a promising future for artificial vitreous substitutes in retinal surgery. These smart hydrogels mimic natural vitreous and can also be used for drug delivery.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Vitreous substitutes are essential for vitreo-retinal surgery in treating retinal diseases like detachment and trauma.
  • Current vitreous substitutes are temporary and have limitations, highlighting the need for an ideal solution.
  • Developing an ideal vitreous substitute requires interdisciplinary collaboration between chemists, engineers, and surgeons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of polymeric hydrogels as advanced vitreous substitutes.
  • To highlight thermosensitive smart hydrogels as a particularly promising class of materials.
  • To explore the dual role of these hydrogels in surgery and drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on vitreous substitutes and polymeric hydrogels.

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  • Analysis of the properties of polymeric hydrogels relevant to vitreous replacement.
  • Focus on thermosensitive smart hydrogels and their characteristics.

    • Main Results:

    • Polymeric hydrogels possess high water content, optical transparency, and rheological properties similar to natural vitreous.
    • Thermosensitive smart hydrogels exhibit reversible sol-to-gel transitions, simplifying surgical implementation.
    • These hydrogels show potential for effective drug delivery applications.

    Conclusions:

    • Polymeric hydrogels represent the future of artificial vitreous substitutes.
    • Thermosensitive smart hydrogels are a leading candidate for ideal vitreous substitutes due to their properties and ease of use.
    • The potential for drug delivery further enhances the value of these advanced biomaterials.