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Updated: Apr 3, 2026
Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
Published on: August 4, 2021
Role of inflammatory mediators in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss
Cihan Comba1, Ercan Bastu1, Ozlem Dural1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Objective:
To examine interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, IFN-γ, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels in precisely-timed blood and endometrial tissue samples from women with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).
Design:
Case-control study.
Setting:
University hospital.
Patient(S):
Twenty-one women with RPL and 20 women with proven fertility (controls).
Intervention(S):
Primary endometrial cells and blood samples during the midsecretory phase (days 19-23).
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Detection of IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ, ICAM-1, LIF, and MIF via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in both blood and endometrial tissue samples.
Result(S):
The blood and tissue levels of IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-γ were statistically significantly higher, and the blood and tissue levels of LIF and MIF were statistically significantly lower in patients with RPL. Only the level of tissue ICAM-1 was higher in patients with RPL. There was a strong correlation between blood and tissue level measurements of IL-12, IL-18, LIF, and MIF.
Conclusion(S):
Our findings support the hypothesis that inflammatory processes may contribute to pregnancy loss, possibly through their role in implantation. We found that blood and tissue levels of IL-18, LIF, and MIF, and tissue levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, and ICAM-1 have statistically significant prognostic relevance.
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