Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

602
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
602
C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

48.6K
Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
48.6K
Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

37.5K
Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
37.5K
Plant Hormones01:56

Plant Hormones

27.2K
Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
27.2K
The Calvin Benson Cycle01:46

The Calvin Benson Cycle

5.7K
Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
5.7K
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

19.9K
Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
19.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A milestone in C4 carbon concentration mechanism evolution: structural remodeling of NADP-malic enzyme in Poaceae.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026
Same author

Plant structural biology: Emerging technologies and future biological insights.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2026
Same author

Natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana highlights a key role of glyoxalase I;2 in detoxifying glucose-derived reactive carbonyl species.

BMC plant biology·2025
Same author

Next generation technologies for protein structure determination: challenges and breakthroughs in plant biology applications.

Journal of plant physiology·2025
Same author

Regulation of plant glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle by posttranslational modifications.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2025
Same author

Lighting the way: Compelling open questions in photosynthesis research.

The Plant cell·2024
Same journal

Oomycetes Used in Arabidopsis Research.

The arabidopsis book·2020
Same journal

Insights Into the Role of Ubiquitination in Meiosis: Fertility, Adaptation and Plant Breeding.

The arabidopsis book·2019
Same journal

Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation: biology and applications.

The arabidopsis book·2019
Same journal

Using Phenomic Analysis of Photosynthetic Function for Abiotic Stress Response Gene Discovery.

The arabidopsis book·2016
Same journal

Biotrophy at Its Best: Novel Findings and Unsolved Mysteries of the Arabidopsis-Powdery Mildew Pathosystem.

The arabidopsis book·2016
Same journal

A Journey Through a Leaf: Phenomics Analysis of Leaf Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The arabidopsis book·2015
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Plant Primary Organs Profiling Using 13C6-Glucose Labeling and LC-MS
04:32

Author Spotlight: Plant Primary Organs Profiling Using 13C6-Glucose Labeling and LC-MS

Published on: March 22, 2024

1.2K

2-Hydroxy Acids in Plant Metabolism.

Veronica G Maurino1, Martin K M Engqvist1

  • 1institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.

The Arabidopsis Book
|September 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Key plant metabolites, 2-hydroxy acids (2HA) like glycolate and malate, are crucial for primary metabolism and photosynthesis. This chapter details their roles and transport proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana.

More Related Videos

Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants
06:54

Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants

Published on: February 10, 2023

1.5K
Utilizing the Ethylene-releasing Compound, 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid, as a Tool to Study Ethylene Response in Bacteria
08:51

Utilizing the Ethylene-releasing Compound, 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid, as a Tool to Study Ethylene Response in Bacteria

Published on: November 10, 2016

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Plant Primary Organs Profiling Using 13C6-Glucose Labeling and LC-MS
04:32

Author Spotlight: Plant Primary Organs Profiling Using 13C6-Glucose Labeling and LC-MS

Published on: March 22, 2024

1.2K
Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants
06:54

Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants

Published on: February 10, 2023

1.5K
Utilizing the Ethylene-releasing Compound, 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid, as a Tool to Study Ethylene Response in Bacteria
08:51

Utilizing the Ethylene-releasing Compound, 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid, as a Tool to Study Ethylene Response in Bacteria

Published on: November 10, 2016

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Plant biochemistry and molecular biology
  • Metabolomics
  • Plant physiology

Background:

  • 2-hydroxy acids (2HA), including glycolate, malate, lactate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate, are stereoisomers vital to plant metabolism.
  • These compounds are integral to fundamental plant pathways like photorespiration, the TCA cycle, and lysine catabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on 2HA metabolic pathways and cellular roles in plants.
  • To focus on the proteins involved in 2HA metabolism and transport within Arabidopsis thaliana.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent molecular studies in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • Analysis of protein functions in metabolic and transport processes.
  • Integration of pathway and physiological data.

Main Results:

  • Elucidation of 2HA involvement in key plant metabolic networks.
  • Identification of specific proteins facilitating 2HA metabolism.
  • Understanding of cellular and intracellular transport mechanisms for 2HA.

Conclusions:

  • 2-hydroxy acids are central regulators of plant primary metabolism and physiology.
  • Arabidopsis thaliana serves as a model for understanding 2HA roles and protein interactions.
  • Further research on 2HA metabolism and transport is essential for plant science.