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Electrochemical detection in paper-based analytical devices using microwire electrodes.

Jaclyn A Adkins1, Charles S Henry1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|September 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Microwire electrodes offer improved performance in electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) compared to screen-printed electrodes. These microwires enable sensitive detection of glucose, fructose, and sucrose at nanomolar levels.

Keywords:
Electrochemical detectionElectrochemical paper-based analytical deviceFood analysisMicrowire electrodePorous microfluidics

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Screen-printed electrodes are common in electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs).
  • Microwire electrodes present a promising alternative with potentially superior electrochemical properties.
  • Optimizing electrode design is crucial for enhancing sensitivity and performance in ePADs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate microwire electrodes as an alternative to screen-printed electrodes in ePADs.
  • To investigate the electrochemical behavior and performance of various microwire compositions and diameters.
  • To develop an ePAD for sensitive, non-enzymatic detection of key analytes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of microwire electrodes (Pt, Au, Pt-W, Pt-Ir) with varying diameters.
  • Electrochemical measurements in static solutions to compare with theoretical models.
  • Development of a copper (Cu) microwire-based ePAD for non-enzymatic sugar detection.
  • Determination of limits of detection (LOD) for glucose, fructose, and sucrose.

Main Results:

  • Microwire electrodes exhibited lower resistance and higher current density than carbon ink electrodes.
  • Measured currents deviated from theoretical predictions for cylindrical microelectrodes, suggesting semi-thin layer behavior due to paper confinement.
  • The developed ePAD achieved low limits of detection: 270 nM for glucose, 340 nM for fructose, and 430 nM for sucrose.

Conclusions:

  • Microwire electrodes are a viable and advantageous alternative to screen-printed electrodes for ePAD applications.
  • The unique electrochemical response in ePADs is influenced by electrode geometry and the confined solution environment.
  • The developed ePAD demonstrates high sensitivity for detecting clinically relevant concentrations of glucose and other sugars.