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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that...
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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster
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Endocrine disruptors and obesity.

Jerrold J Heindel1, Retha Newbold2, Thaddeus T Schug1

  • 1Division of Extramural Research and Training, Population Health Branch, National Institute of Environmental Sciences, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.

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Certain chemicals, known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or obesogens, may contribute to the obesity epidemic by disrupting metabolic processes. Early development exposure to these obesogens can increase weight gain susceptibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Obesity is a significant global health issue driven by lifestyle factors.
  • Emerging evidence implicates environmental chemicals in obesity aetiology.
  • Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with hormonal signaling and metabolic regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of EDCs, specifically obesogens, in the obesity epidemic.
  • To summarize current research on the obesogen concept and its implications.
  • To provide health scientists with knowledge for research and decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological and experimental studies on obesogens.
  • Analysis of the modes of action of obesogens.
  • Synthesis of evidence on EDC exposure and metabolic disruption.

Main Results:

  • EDCs, termed obesogens, can disrupt hormonally regulated metabolic processes.
  • Exposure during early development may predispose individuals to weight gain.
  • Obesogens may contribute to obesity independently of diet and exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Obesogens represent a potential environmental factor contributing to the obesity epidemic.
  • Understanding obesogen mechanisms is crucial for public health interventions.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the full impact of obesogens on metabolic health.